POVIJEST LIPE
The History of the Village Until Its Devastation
U 6. st. u Istru prodiru Slaveni. Slavenska plemena potiskuju romansko stanovništvo. Hrvati u Istri nisu uspjeli stvoriti vlastitu državu već su kratko vrijeme u ranom srednjem vijeku bili u sastavu hrvatske kraljevine. Uglavnom su do početka 20. st. bili u sastavu moćnih država: Bizanta, Franačke, Njemačkog Carstva, Mletačke Republike, Habsburgovaca, Napoleona, Austro-Ugarske i fašističke Italije. Unatoč tuđoj dominaciji, sačuvan je nacionalni identitet. Hrvati se bore za svoja nacionalna prava.
Za vrijeme Austro-Ugarske vlasti, Lipa se nalazila na cesti koja je povezivala Trst i Rijeku. Tu je bila pošta i postaja za kočije. Lipa počinje gubiti na značenju 1867. nakon što je pošta prebačena u Permane, a posebno nakon 1933. kada je u promet puštena novoizgrađena cesta koja je obilazila Lipu. Nakon Prvog svjetskog rata i sloma Austro-Ugarske, područje Lipe uklopljeno je u granice Kraljevine Italije. Započinju progoni nositelja hrvatske kulture u Lipi. Pred Drugi svjetski rat, Lipa je imala oko 90 kućnih brojeva na kojima je živjelo 100 porodica i ukupno 520 stanovnika. Bavili su se poljoprivredom, prijevozom i prodajom drveta za ogrjev. U selu je bio po jedan kovač, limar, stolar i postolar, te dva trgovca miješanom robom. Električna rasvjeta nije bila u funkciji a voda se crpila na javnoj česmi kojom su se služili svi stanovnici. Već na samom početku Drugog svjetskog rata stanovnici Lipe uključuju se u borbu za oslobođenje od fašističke vlasti. U NOB su se uključivali većinom mladi koji nisu htjeli obući fašističku uniformu. Lipa je bila poznata Talijanima kao prostor koji se odupirao fašizmu i okupaciji tako da su ih često odvodili u internaciju. 1941. g., nakon napada na Beograd, cijelo je selo internirano u Italiju kraj Firenze gdje su zadržani 28 dana. Prilikom odvođenja, stanovnici Lipe morali su ostaviti sve otvoreno: kuće i gospodarske zgrade. Stoku koju su trebali čuvati i hraniti talijanski vojnici, unatoč dogovoru, uzimali su je za svoje potrebe i prodavali ju. Nakon kapitulacije Italije, njemačke nacističke snage preuzimaju upravu. Odlučne su u namjeri da razbiju snage narodnooslobodilačke vojske u Istri i Primorju te zauzmu teritorij od strateškog značaja. Njemačke vojne snage prokrstarile su Opatijskim krasom, opljačkale i spalile sela Zvoneća, Vele i Male Mune, Žejane i Veli Brgud. Potom su upali u selo Lipa i počinili masakr nad stanovništvom, ne štedeći pritom ni djecu. |
The Slaves came to Istria peninsula in the 6th century. With their presence, they moved Romanic settlers. Croats didn’t have their country, but they were shortly, in the Middle Age, the part of the Croatian Kingdom. Until the 20th century they were mostly part of powerful Countries: the Byzantine Empire, Francia, the German Empire, the Republic of Venice, the Habsburg Monarchy, Napoleon, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and fascist Italy. Despite of the foreign domination, national identity has been kept. Croatian fought for their national rights.
During Austro-Hungarian ruling, Lipa was on the road that connected Triest and Rijeka. There was also a post office. Lipa’s significance started fading in 1867 when the post office was moved to Permani, and especially in 1933 when the new road was built. After World War I, and ending of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the area around Lipa became part of the Italian Kingdom. The prosecution of the people who represented Croatian culture started. Just before World War II, there were 90 house numbers and 100 families living in them in Lipa. There were 520 settlers in total. They mainly lived of agriculture, transport and of selling wood for heating. In village were one blacksmith, one tinsmith, one carpenter and a shoemaker. There were two merchants in the village too. There was no electricity and all settlers used the public well. At the very beginning of the World War II, Lipa’s settlers joined liberation actions against fascist authorities. Mainly young people who refused to wear fascist uniforms joined the resistance units. Lipa was the area known to Italians for its resistance towards fascists so its settlers were often taken to internment. In 1941, after the attack on Belgrade, the entire village was taken to internment to Italy, near Florence. They were kept there for 28 days. During the internment, the settlers had to leave their houses and stables open. Italian soldiers had to take care of the cattle, but despite the agreement, they took it and sell it. After the capitulation of Italy, nazi army took over the control in Lipa. They were determined to break liberation forces on Istria peninsula and in the Croatia Littoral in order to control this strategically significant area. German forces raided and burnt villages Zvoneća, Vele Mune, Male Mune, Žejane and Veli Brgud. They came to Lipa afterwards and committed the massacre of the settlers, including children. |